Digital camera parameter setting skills - aehui - blog bus

Canon lenses explained:.


AFD: Arc-Form Drive motor arc, the early EF lenses are equipped with AFD motor, as USM focusing motor speed, focus sound than the latter. .


AL: Aspherical aspheric tablets.


DO: Multi-. .


Layer Diffractive Optical Element。.


Multi-layer diffractive optical lens, Canon in 2000 for the first time it is applied to the lens, it also has the fluorite and aspherical lens characteristics, can inhibit the dispersion and the aberration correction of spherical and other, now mainly used in telephoto. .


Lens, for a total of 3 only lens: EF 400mm F4 USM, EF70-300mm DO IS F4. .5-5. .6 DO IS USM and EF800mm.


F5. .6 DO IS USM. .


EF: Electronic Focus e-AF, Canon EOS camera name, bayonet is Canon original lens series name.


EF-S: APS-C frame digital SLR cameras, special electronic cards mouth. This is specifically for Canon APS-C frame digital SLR camera designed for electron lenses, which only can be used in the Canon APS-C frame DSLR, the notable characteristic is the interface of a white square card for the Alignment of body bit. .


EMD: Electronic-Magnetic electromagnetic Diaphragm aperture. All EF lenses of aperture control components, is the deformation of the stepper motor and aperture blades integration components, digital signal control, sensitivity and accuracy are very high.


FL: Fluorite fluorite, a calcium fluoride crystal with very low dispersion, the ability of its control over color than the UD ultra-low dispersion lens even better. .


FP: Focus Preset focus preset.


FTM: Full-time Manual Focusing full-time manual focus. .


IS: Image Stabilizer, which is the image stabilizer lens anti-shake system. Canon first anti-shake lens was released in 1995 EF 75-300mm F4-5. .6 IS USM, this also is the world's first anti-shake lens.


L: Luxury luxury, high-end professional camera Canon logo, are a number of photography enthusiasts for its shot at ruin, marked by the red marking the front of the lens. .


MM: Micro-Motor micro motor, which is a traditional tape drive shaft of the motor, the comparison of electricity that does not support full-time manual focusing, for cheap low quality lens.


SF: Soft Focus Soft Focus. .


S-UD: Super Ultra-low Dispersion high performance ultra low dispersion lens, the optical properties of near-fluorite lens.


TE: Tilt Shift Lens Axis camera. Axis camera is mainly used in construction, landscape and commercial photography, currently Canon's TS lenses Total 3: TS-E24mm F3. .5 L, TS-E45mm F2. .8 And TS-E90mm F2. .8. .


UD: Ultra-low Dispersion ultra low dispersion lens, two pieces together with broad and UD used a piece of fluorite lens effects are similar.


USM: Ultra Sonic Motor Ultrasonic Motor, which sub-ring of ultrasonic motors (Ring-USM) and micro-Ultrasonic Motor (Micro-USM) two. Current USM ultrasonic motor in the Canon's lens has been widely used, even the most low end amateur camera. .


Examples: EF70-200mm F4L USM lens IS that Canon EF bayonet lens for 70-200mm, maximum aperture and a constant F4 IS anti-shake system and USM ultrasonic motor L level professional lens, commonly known as "love little white".

Nikon lens to explain:. .


AI: Automatic Indexing automatic maximum aperture transmission technology. Nikon lens is manually published in 1977, it is the smallest aperture digital green.


AI-S: Automatic Indexing Shutter automatic shutter index delivery technology. Nikon manual camera, released in 1981, the aperture ring at minimum aperture number with orange numbers. .


AF-I: built-in motor and embedded CPU contact lens, the Nikon design known as the "I", launched in 1992, it is mainly used in professional telephoto lens. The introduction of the AF-I AF-S that from the historical stage.


AF-S: S Silent Wave Motor, which represents quiet motor, equivalent to Canon's ultrasonic motors, high precision and quiet can be quickly focused. However, the Nikon AF-S lenses the current number is far less than Canon, the total balance of only 20. .


ASP: Aspherical aspheric tablets.


CRC: Close Range Correction system of short-range correction. .


D:Distance focus distance data transfer technology. D-type lens and non-d-type lens is the biggest difference between D-shaped lens supports 3D matrix metering.


DC: Defocus-image Control Defocus-image Control, Nikon original lens, can provide unique Defocus-image control functions, allowing its most important feature is the background or the prospects of specific Pi Sheti fuzzy control, in order to obtain The best of-focus. .


DX: DX-series camera is Nikon's specifically for APS-C medium format digital SLR camera the lens is not designed for use in medium format models.


ED: Extra-low Dispersion Low Dispersion lens. .


G:G-lens and d-type lens is the biggest different G-shot no aperture ring design, there will now Nikon g-type lens promotion trends.


IF: Internal Focusing technology within the focus. .


M/A: Manual/Auto focusing, manual/automatic focusing switched.


Micro: Macro lens. .


Some new N:New, Nikon logo improved lens, such as third generation "little Cannon" AF 80-200mm .8D F2. ED NEW。.


NIC: Nikon Integrated Coating Nikon Integrated Coating. .


In Focus: Inter IF AF.


P: P-type lens with AF-type CPU and electronic contact lens manual focus lenses. Currently only three P-type Nikon lenses: 500mm F4P IF-ED ,1200-1700mm F5. .6-8P IF-ED and 45mm F2. .8 P. .


PC-Shift: axis lens.


RF: Rear Focusing technology after the group focus. .


S:Slim slim, Nikon lens with some light marks, such as AIS 1 .8S 50/...


SIC: Super Intergrated Coating super composite coating. .


TC: more distances Teleconvertor..


VR: Vibration Reduction of electronic damping system, and Canon's IS lens image stabilization system similar to the second generation now has grown to about 3-4 files can reduce the shutter speed. .


Examples: AF-S VR 70-200mm F2. IF ED lens .8G said internal focus design, focal length is 70-200mm, constant maximum aperture .8, F2. use ED ultra low dispersion lens with VR anti-shake system, and AF-S ultrasonic motor for Nikon G-type lens, commonly known as "a combination gun".

Minolta / Sony Lens explain:. .


AD: Anomalous dispersion Dispertion exception, its purpose is to eliminate the dispersion, and Nikon ED..


APO: Apochromatic Apochromatic design and use of the use of special low dispersion glass lens to reduce aberrations, telephoto lens to improve image quality, improving contrast and improve clarity. .


ASP: Aspherical aspheric tablets.


CIR: Circular smooth circular aperture bokeh effect, so very natural background defocusing. .


D: Distance with the distance measurement information, you can implement a Flash control.


DT: Digital technology Digital technology is designed for APS-C frame digital SLR camera designed for digital-specific lenses, a few sticks of the present DT lenses are Tamron foundry. .


G: and Nikon has no aperture ring G series lens, Minolta's g series lenses is a Minolta's high-end professional cameras, is a series of top-level workmanship, materials collectively, usually have the following characteristics: a constant large aperture, lens, circular aperture AD, aspheric, floating autofocus system, high-quality lenses, etc..


NEW: new lens. .


SAL: Sony Alpha Lens, the Sony mergers and Konica Minolta camera after the launch of the business is basically the camera Minolta lens change name.


SF: Soft Focus Soft Focus Lens. .


TC: increase from the mirror.


STF: Smooth. .


Transformer Focus images smoothly, on behalf of the lens is a Minolta 135STF. The adoption of a Tablet is installed in the vicinity of where the aperture is called Apodization.


Filter (spectral trace filter) optical components, making the lens central part of the larger amount of light through, but more towards the amount of light around the time pass less. To this end, the focus outside the imaging part of the formation of contours Jian Dan, is an ideal soft virtual. .


Like. Currently the world's only Minolta 135STF a Sony this same product should not be considered.


SSM: Super-Sonic Motor ultrasonic motors, fast response can be achieved silent AF. .


UC: Ultra technological, reverence for the plating Coating Konica lens coating technology.


Planar: using Planar (Kaplan that) structural design of the Carl Zeiss lens ?. .


Sonnar: Sonnar (pine NA) structure design of Karl Zeiss lens.


T *: ? Carl Zeiss multi-layer coating technology, is currently the world's most advanced coating technologies. .


VS: Vari Soft variable roujiao, Minolta's roujiao lens.


VFC: Vari-Field Control variable field curvature lens may change as the field of bending the lens. .


Vario: zoom lens, Karl Zeiss lens's identity.


ZA: Carl ? Zeiss lens designed for Sony, with Sony α mount, the lens is AF. .


Real.


Illustrate: AF APO 70-200mm F2. .8 G (D). .


SSM represents a focal length of 70-F2 200mm. .8, constant maximum aperture, complex achromatic designs, having D information and SSM ultrasonic Motors-G series Leica Vario-;.


Sonnar T * DT 16-80mm F3. .5-4. .5. .


ZA represents a focal length of 16-80mm, maximum aperture F3. .5 .5-4., Sony α bayonet with T * multilayer coating technology-Qar ? Zeiss Sonnar series digital.


Special lens. .

Explanation: shima lens.


ASP: non-spherical lens. .


APO lens APO: using complex achromatic designs and the use of special low dispersion (SLD) glass lens elements to reduce color aberrations, thereby enhancing the long lens head quality, improve the contrast and sharpness.


DC: Sigma for APS digital SLR camera designed for digital-specific lenses can not be used in the full frame models. .


DF: Dual Focus double focus, this type of lens, the AF focusing ring spinning; MF, damping is moderate, so gripping performance is very good.


DG: Optimal Design for a generic digital camera, both used in APS-frame digital SLR cameras, you can also use the full frame models. .


DL: DeLuxe Deluxe, although the price is moderate, but DL lens is a full-featured lenses. Like the other Sigma lens, equipped with a dedicated lens hood with half-stall, Aperture, manual aperture setting, depth of field indicates, distance instruction, infrared correction instructions, etc..


EX: EXcellence excellent professional lenses are Sigma series, with each piece of fine Zhuo the Sigma Innovation (SMC) Super Multi-coated lenses, the effect of natural, and are better characterized coated tube for the EX and EX sign. .


HF: Helical Focus screw focusing.


HSM: ultrasonic motor. .


IF: AF.


Macro: Macro lens. .


OS: shima optical anti-shake system, and it is this technique seems not very mature, only two shots a OS anti-shake system: F4 AF APO80-400mm. .5-5. EX OS HSM and .6 AF18-200mm F3. .5 .5-6. DC OS lens.


RF: Focus after the group. .


UC: Ultra Compact ultra compact. This type of lens, small volume, light weight.


Real. .


Example of description: APO 70-200mm F2. EX DG Macro HSM .8.


Focal length lens that is 70-200mm, the maximum aperture constant F2. .8 Conducted APO APO complex design, with macro function and HSM ultrasonic motors, conventional digital versatile Sigma EX series professional lens. .


Head, commonly known as "black three-generation", also known as "little black" macro.

Tamron Lens explain:. .


AD: Anomalous Dispersion exception dispersion, with the identity of the Dragon, equipped eliminate dispersion function.


ASL: Aspherical Aspherical lens. .


ASPH: compound aspherical tablets.


DI: Digitally Lntegrated digital camera, digital optimal design for the traditional general-purpose digital camera, both used in APS-frame digital SLR cameras, you can also use the full frame models. .


DI Ⅱ: tenglong designed specifically for APS digital single lens reflex cameras like the field of development of the small lens that can be used only in APS format digital SLR cameras.


IF: Internal Focus. .


LAH: LD hybrid aspherical tablets.


LD: Low Dispersion Low Dispersion lens. .


SP: Super performance ultra-performance lens, the Dragon's high-performance large aperture lens, it is Dragon professional lens series.


XR: high refractive index lens, luminous flux and imaging in ensuring the quality of the premise, greatly reduce the lens size and weight, and more use in the Dragon's large zoom ratio lens field. .


VC: Vibration Compensation manual correction function, Dragon optical anti-shake system, has just developed one: AF 28-F3 Di 300mm. .5 .5 XR-6. VC LD [IF] Macro Asp.


ZL: zoom ring locking mechanism. .


Real.


Illustrate: AF Di 28-300mm F3. .5-6. .3 XR VC LD Asp [IF]. .


Macro lens focal length expressed as 28-300mm, maximum aperture F3. .5-6. .3, use XR high-index lenses, LD low dispersion aspheric lenses, ASP, internal design, with AF.


Preparation of macro functions and optical image stabilization system Tamron VC traditional generic digital camera. .


Explanation: tuli lens.


AS: Aspherical Aspherical lens. .


AT-X:Advances Technology-Xtra special advanced technical design of the lens.


D: the digital optimum design through the lens of the camera is more suited to the requirements of the digital era, for example, AT-X M100 Pro D. .


DX: designed specifically for APS medium format digital SLR camera design digital dedicated lens cannot be used in wide format models.


M: Macro Macro lens. .


Pro: professional lens, profesional is one of the most upscale product tuli, lens front end with gold rings AT-X lens.


SD: Super Lower Dispersion Low Dispersion lens. .


SZ-X: lightest tuli zoom lens series is a manual focus lens.


SZ / SMZ: Tokina amateur lens series, also belongs to manual focus lenses. .


IF: AF.


Examples: AT-X Pro 50-135mm F2. .8 DX lens focal length of 50-135mm, the maximum aperture constant F2. .8, Designed for APS-frame digital SLR camera designed AT-X series professional lenses. .


Pentax lenses explained:.


A: A series of manual focus lenses. .


AF/MF: manual/automatic switch on the whole.


AL: Aspherical Aspherical lens. .


Micro focus CF: continue the whole macro micro.


DA: DA Pentax lens is designed for APS-C frame digital SLR camera designed for digital-specific lenses, a green circle logo, can not be used in full frame models. .


Extra-low Dispersion ED: ultra low dispersion lens.


F: Early Pentax AF lens mount. .


FA: is the Pentax af lens with bayonet F bayonet, more than two electronic contacts.


IF: Inter Focus in Focus. .


Limited: limited edition lens, Pentax high-performance, high-grade lens.


M: M series manual focus lenses. .


.O M... D:Minimum Object Distance focus distance.


PowerZoom: power zoom. .


SMC: Super Mluti Coating super multi-layer coated, Pentax unique lens coating technology, the ability of anti-glare.


Soft Focus: Soft Focus Lens. .


*: * Mirror is Pentax's high-end professional cameras, just like Canon's L head, commonly known as the mirror satellite.


Real. .


Example of description: FA * 80-200 F2. .8.


ED said the focal length of lens 80-200mm, the maximum aperture constant F2. .8, Using ultra-low dispersion ED lens Pentax professional star mirror; and FA31mm F1. .8 AL. .


Limited lens focal length expressed as 31mm focus, Aperture, F1 .8, use! aspheric tablets Limited limited edition lens.


Olympus / Panasonic lens to explain:. .


ASPH: aspherical tablets.


D: for the Panasonic Leica digital specific lens designs. .


ED: ultra low dispersion lens.


Zukio: Olympus traditional camera lens, using OM mount, and 4 / 3 system digital SLR camera mount is not universal, need to use the Ring. .


Zukio Zukio lens Digital: digital era, has been redesigned, more suitable for the requirements of the digital age.


SWD: Supersonic Wave Drive Ultrasonic Motor, Olympus has just developed a new technology, the PMA2007 posted several lens has been applied. .


MEGA O.. .I .S: Panasonic's optical anti-shake system.


Summilux: the current production Leica lens, aperture value as long as F1. .4 Lens, will be named as the Summilux, such as Leica D Summilux 25mm F1. .4 ASPH. .


Elmar: production of lens nowadays Lycra, as long as the aperture value is around in the F4 lens, it will be named Elmar, such as the Leica D 14-150mm F3 Vario-Elmar. .5-.6 ASPH MEGA 5.. .I. O .S.


Elmarit: the current production Leica lens, aperture value as long as F2. .8 Around lens, will be named as the Elmarit, such as Leica D Vario-Elmarit 14-50mm F2. .8-3. .5 ASPH MEGA O. . I. . S. .


Real.


Illustrate: Zukio Digital ED 12-60mm F2. .8-4. .


SWD lens focal length expressed as 12-60mm, maximum aperture F2. .8-4, the use of the ultra low dispersion lens and ED SWD ultrasonic motor Olympus 4/3 system dedicated digital single lens reflex cameras and lenses.


Leica D Vario-Elmar 14-150mm F3. .5-5. .6 ASPH MEGA. .


O .S lens .I.. ' indicates that the focal length is 14-150mm, maximum aperture F3. .5-5. .6, uses the ASPH MEGA aspherical and. ..


O. . I. . S optical image stabilization system, Leica Elmar Series 4 / 3 system digital SLR cameras dedicated zoom lens. .


Canon's optical level is beyond doubt that the Canon lens is produced. Here we talk about the Canon users not to be missed 10-lens, if a good door, these lenses even buy bankruptcy also want to buy, because they are the essence of Canon optical technology.


We should note that Canon's telephoto lens setting performance sections are excellent, so we only discuss the following lenses 200mm, 200mm of not more than the scope. Let us start talking about wide angle. .


First is the zoom lens.


Canon EF 16-35mm F2. .8 L II USM Price: 10,320 yuan. .


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Frankly, after all, Canon's optical essence part in telephoto, wide-angle part of the long optical than other manufacturers do not have obvious advantages. But after the first generation of 16-35/2. .8 L of experience in the second generation. .


16-35/2. .8L full improvement. It is said that as the mighty 82mm diameter even with a "non-spherical" UV are worthwhile, Canon's new standard perhaps from wide angle to be overwritten. It was also in..


Said second level 17-40/4L be more cost-effective, and less than 16-35/2. .8 L II less than half the price can be 16-35/2. .8 L. .


II nearly 70% of the performance. However large aperture and sharp picture quality that is always to take big price. The picture you want ultimate jiaoduan, non-16-35/2. .8L II..


Canon EF 24-70mm f / 2. .8 L USM Price: 8750 yuan. .


。.


Are in the peak of the king always appears alone, the most by the accusations. Canon zoom lens as standard in the King of 24-70/2. .8 L body, we can see a lot of controversy, but the most controversial. .


Often the most personalized, bear life light marked change Kings need your intentions to taste. I believe many people select Canon a standard zoom lens, the 24-70/2. .8L and 24-105.


/ 4L IS compared with each other, and struggling to support exactly where to buy good. In fact, choice is very simple, convenient, election 24-105/4L. .


IS to picture quality, are always 24-70/2. .8L. Here we discuss only the picture, the 24-105/4L IS please go play.


Canon EF 70-200mm f / 2. .8 L IS USM Price: 12,980 yuan. .


。.


Canon 70-200/2. .8 L. .


IS there a nickname, called the anti-shake noob. White, XB these names that do not play playing photography, photography, people will have heard. But this will only make you feel both hands on the tripod is the anti-shake white more jiaoduan radiance of the lens.


Jiao person. After repeated use, I really think that 70-200 of this focal lengths, there is no anti-shake image stabilization is better than a lot of shooting success rate will be higher. Canon Image Stabilization will not be white or various CNOPS the strongest one. .


Supported, but a tad better white cognition is definitely a first.


Look at my Loyal fixed focus lens. .


Canon EF 24mm f/1. .4L USM price: 9970 element.


. .


Design and manufacturing of large aperture wide angle is always difficult, and 24/1. .4L does allow world wide angle gives the Canon. Someone said, "for a long time I have this lens can't interest until.


After the third time I realized that I have such a shallow, taste the unique beauty that really need plenty of patience and perseverance. "Indeed, to use a good 24 / 1. .4 L does require considerable effort, otherwise it will..


Think it is just an ordinary camera.


Canon EF 35mm f / 1. .4 L USM Price: 11,000 yuan. .


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35 / 1. .4 L, and the significance is that it is L. It is very sharp in the fully open aperture, its imaging lens is very German style, the most important is the general weakness in the Canon wide-angle case, it stands out as the Canon. .


Save a lot of facial. If you mix APS-C format digital SLR, 35/2. aperture can be as big .4L standard lens. But it can be said, in a non-full-frame SLR 35 only stifled.


/ 1. .4 L capacity, full-frame is 35 / 1. .4 L show strength in the world. .


Canon EF 50mm f/1. .2L USM price: $ 10100.


. .


Canon's 50/1. non-whole picture .2L may wave the biggest victims. In non-full-frame digital SLR, the camera becomes 50mm 80mm's perspective on a broad range of perspectives insufficient 35mm filming.


Ticaifanwei very narrow bokeh gave on 85 / 1. .2 L played the wearer is not as long or short focal length makes the 50 / 1. .2 L in non-full frame on the dilemma. But when put on full frame digital SLR, known as. .


Angle, flexible jiaoduan makes 50/1. .2L like a duck to water. 50mm is the most common perspectives, in order to make good use of, or the need to fully feel the lens, to monitor the 50/1. .2L brings you feel.


Canon EF 85mm f / 1. .2 L II USM price: 15,800 yuan. .


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Maybe 85 / 1. .2 L. .


II is most often a YY portrait lens, without him, everyone is that everything is in a fantastic and fascinating. We all know? 85/1. .2L is used in the whole picture of Canon 5D, full open aperture focusing in 2 m for King.


Only 4 cm deep, almost even the model's head can not be completely covered. All the background will be buttery nominal out, but there is a clear focus within the details. If you like the portrait photo shoot telephoto, 85 / 1. .2 L is with you. .


Concomitant and life good lens.


Canon EF 100mm f / 2. .8 USM Price: 3680 yuan. .


This is the only one of ten lens does not have a red circle in the lens, it is Canon's top 100 micro, 100/2. .8 Macro. In the macro lens, the Canon 100 micro-not necessarily the most sharp, but its ultrasound can overwrite jiaomada, almost only with MF telephoto, functional compatibility is also very strong. If you want to buy a Canon macro lens, preferred are minimal.


Canon EF 135mm f/2L USM price: 7400 yuan. .


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May be the focal lengths, the aperture is too easy to make and Frightening works, 135/2L the quality was so worthy of it was price. All-metal lens body, F2 of the large aperture, 135mm visual, 135. .


/2L picture of unparalleled experience can be used to describe. 135/2L only weakness is that used in a non-full-frame digital SLR, will feel jiaoduan slightly longer, filming of the narrower, and there is no proof.


Shake, shake fuzzy picture easily. .


Canon EF 180mm f/3. .5L USM price: $ 11500.


. .


Have a 180/3. .5L before the plot is a metal found in the virus, it is very easy to make you think of ancient Zheng Ming and gunpowder, AF and plastic, horizontal, 180/3. existence of a .5L.


Final salvation. Telephoto macro lens quality no doubt, like the sharp blade is absolutely, 180 / 3. .5 L is the same. But would like to use it to take portraits, I am afraid MM will complain too obvious defects face. .


A..


Fun digital camera parameter settings of the eight principles. .


Chinese photography 2008 phase 5.


Liu Kuan new "Fun digital camera parameter settings of the eight principles." .


The column headings bar:.


1, low saturation settings. .


2, low-contrast settings.


Low contrast - Why low-contrast film transfer can be collected more information?. .


Contrast is the largest high brightness and the difference between the lowest dark. Appearance looks dark contrast, high contrast photo contrast. Normally we try to keep photos contrast normal, close to the people of vision. This seems very simple.


One, in fact, behind the contrast is most concerned about the level of contrast between the decision and restrict the level of representation. Characteristic curve of different contrast, records the details of film transfer capabilities are also different. Beginning to see digital camera photos, general. .


It appears grayish, low contrast I do not understand. Improve the contrast is a piece of cake, so why not do the amendments be questioned? use special low-priced portable is a small digital camera and high-end SLR cameras phase.


Ratio, low-cost digital camera photographs, contrast and color are good in the professional SLR, puzzling. When we understand the relationship between contrast and the level of record, you understand the subtleties of the. .


Contrast and tolerance are mutually restrictive, impact and dependency relationships. Tolerance to low contrast provides possible, while the low contrast and can record more gradation level. Film of tolerance in manufacturing has been finalized, the user.


General can not change, but the contrast can be adjusted digital, so tolerance can be adjusted. This gives us the contrast by adjusting the camera settings affect the level of detail records once again provide a degree of facilitation. Here we look at. .


A group of real photos.


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As shown in Figure 3-20 is a curve comparison chart. Left relatively steep contrast curve, recorded a relatively small degree of tolerance. Place the lower right side of the contrast curve, gentle performance under the projection to a large degree of tolerance. .


Figure 3-21 shows that I take five different contrast setting shooting the same picture. + 2 contrast this photograph appeared to be stronger and more vibrant. In the picture I also put a 19-level grayscale. From the gray-scale level, + 2 level is less than-2.


Can also see in this picture, high contrast can only be recorded in five levels, low contrast can be recorded into nine levels, from the image data can see that. Above the low-contrast black-level data from the most to 7 (RGB values..


The same below), it is less than 8, the black or hierarchical. The same data in high contrast scenes have reached the fifth grade, the following four-stage merger is zero, in other words, the high-contrast images in the darker parts of the gradation of the record.


Less four-level, less hierarchical, as shown in Figure 3-22. .


3, set the low speed.


Preferred low sensitivity - Why the low sensitivity can provide a smooth image?. .


In film photography, low speed comparison of fine particles, high ISO comparison of coarse grains, rough grains only feel very little light will be able to form a complete developer kernel on silver salt reduction. Digital camera and film was quite different, however.


At. .


"There is a will there's a disadvantage" and "material conservation of" set of constraints, which are amazing. That is, the lower the speed, the higher the image quality, noise small, finer picture, while at the same time image transition smooth.


High resolution, need to use a slower speed and larger aperture, thus the difficulty of filming is also large. High sensitivity of all the contrary, really can not co-existence. .


Noise is a digital camera picture undermines one of the biggest factors. As mentioned above, the digital camera's tolerance for at least 11 and above can be achieved. Digital camera has a "high-quality HDTV" image area, this area is in 7 to.


8 range, 8 to 11 "low quality" and high image quality difference is the size of existing noise ratio. The emergence of noise would affect the use of low-quality changes, thus reducing the noise is the key to improving quality control De Bu. .


Well, even affecting 7-level within HDTV district, properly handled, can get the actual tolerance by high picture quality, the significance of the extraordinary. In other words, you're likely to spent $ money to buy a camera, but there is only the camera.


3 to 4 million in performance, but to spend 10,000 yuan money to buy the camera, but it can be 3 to 40 thousand yuan camera performance. We are here not to discuss the camera's good or bad, we only consider the most outstanding people skills, the hands of the camera itself. .


Make the best use.


Digital camera noise is mainly produced in the photosensitive element. Receiving the signal and the output process, the circuit produced by dark current, high-sensitivity high-gain amplifier circuit and so will produce video images, showing the form of images. .


Did not appear a color point, pigmentation, highlights, there's even a whole, leaving the details of the image itself. Noise causes are the following. (1) high speed; (2) a long time coming.


Light; (3) Environment and camera temperature is too high; (4) JPG compression ratio is too high; (5) over increasing saturation; (6) over-sharpening. Where (4), (5), (6) are the late problems arising. .


Later on the introduction of noise reduction, then (1), (2), (3) is completely controlled early photography.


Digital's sensitivity is very particular about, from ISO50 to ISO3200, which is the best and most appropriate? Can analyze and determine the light-sensitive set of principles, based on these principles, and then bonding the specific circumstances of shooting subjects make the best decision. .


ISO50 ~ 200 ISO noise is low. In this section you can get extremely smooth, delicate photos. In 1670 megapixels, for example, zoom in to the 1. .5 m photos basically do not see the granules (noise). Low speed.


(ISO50) can use the inner door shooting, such as dynamic, flowing water, night sky, the main theme so moving. ISO100 ~ 200 in the noise of the performance was no significant difference, the only difference is that we choose to exposure. .


Light combination offers more choices. After all, in some cases, the fundamental of high level can the shutter to save some of the pictures. Remember, as long as conditions permit, as long as we can get a clear picture, try to use a low ISO noise, for example, only.


To be able to ensure the depth of field, a rather large open aperture, and do not improve the sensitivity of a block. .


ISO400 ~ 800 belongs to speed. After many tests, even though the performance the most superior digital camera, ISO800, noise is already visible. In this section, you need to seriously consider doing this photo.


What used to enlarge and to what extent, if you accept the noise can, in hand-held camera sensitivity settings Jiangdi shooting of difficulty to improve the shooting in low light conditions, the safety factor to the success rate. Note that in the noise. .


Point, color separation, no longer appears to favor and soft.


ISO1000 ~ 3200 is a high sensitivity. In this period of significant noise, sometimes to unacceptable levels, using this set, filming the importance of subject matter and content, often exceeding the image quality. .


After all, there are times when shooting conditions are too poor to take a picture of the quality somewhat less than simply do not have to. Of course, if the photos do not have a high magnification, noise is not visible, use the high ISO noise get some.


Less demanding on the quality and content demanding job. .


4, accurate exposure.


Often fine tone, according to the gray light - why do not arbitrarily change often fine tone exposure?. .


The popularity of digital photography: exposure Ning owe no. Digital Imaging dark how to render more exposure levels? is not a big problem due to the fact, therefore, this approach is a more secure manner. The problem is "less have" photos will be adjusted to achieve best. Each photo that you want to adjust, the workload is too large and cumbersome.


1. .2 Section discusses in detail the advantages of digital over the correct picture of tolerance can take at least 11 degrees. Such indicators, why should we "rather than do not owe," to create trouble? Seeking insurance protection. .


Safety of shooting habit and fully exploit the advantages of digital cameras. I have worked in a years-long Spotlight "," hide half the retaining of the "security" shooting style, until one day I see better.


Can provide a number of digital original film, photos bright and transparent, elegant colors. Out of curiosity, I carefully reviewed the photos meta data, that these photos have not been late to adjust, really is a film made of. I. .


Very heavy, the same camera, why do we not taken out of this kind does not need to adjust the photos in one step?, a thing that drives me to digital tolerance, saturation of awareness. I soon learned that such a step.


In place of the shooting technique. Of course, there is a prerequisite step that is often fine tone for the theme, the contrast is too high or too low is difficult to achieve in one step. .


In contrast to the gradation of refers to the screen, highlight and often dark light than in 1: 1: 64 and 128, i.e. 6 ~ 7-aperture, soft lighting and light conditions. The key is relatively small, light overall illumination intensity you.


Little to do with digital, under such conditions can the "correct exposure" and get good quality photos without the adjustment. Here's the "correct exposure" means 18% of the gray value in accordance with the principle of metering, measuring both points, emphasizing the central authorities. .


Metering or average metering, as long as the metering point falls on the screen in ash, on average, you can click here to get the exposure parameters boldly exposed, without having to worry about the highlights of the loss and reduced exposure to take full advantage of the best tolerance of the camera.


And recording capabilities, no doubt the camera. .


How to identify this photo is the best? many people have used the camera's LCD and display photos and then concluded. It can be said that the vast majority of people do not have the brightness of the LCD, on-site environment, and the monitor is not allowed.


Problems to solve and therefore the conclusion is often inaccurate, suggested that the camera LCD screen brightness to lower middle point, watch the time to avoid direct sunlight. In addition, the human eye and the camera LCD as if. .


Right angle, the times will be relatively light, so the camera and the eye is the angle of 105 meters screen, film photo accurate exposure often. Related content see .2 .2 8... ".


A qualified photo "section. Photo optical data in the 245 or so high between the black in the 0 ~ 8, photo exposure is the best state, to red up, print, print high quality photos..


Figure 3-39 is a Canon digital camera photographs. Metadata display without any adjustments.


We used to interpret data and histogram photograph (Figure 3-40). Look at the histogram, hierarchical distribution of continuous, relatively smooth interface, not interrupted and the fault and the comb-like band gap. Peak display and photo transfer video distribution. .


The figure that corresponds to the sampled data is consistent with the monitor to watch. Elegant white structured transition, not dead white 255. In parts of the data, on average, about 126, 128 and absolute balance gray is received.


Near. The best black, R2 G5 B4 is the perfect black, not all black for the 0's death, this is a good explanation. Digital photography may well step in place, not necessarily to read the post adjustment. .


5. control of high-contrast.


Concerned about the bright part, responses to high contrast - Why the bright areas get extra tolerance?. .


Although digital camera with 10 levels of tolerance, but this tolerance to deal with high-contrast scenes or far enough. In film photography, advocated by screen gray value exposure, so that the curve of Plantar and shoulder cover as much as possible.


Cover image of the high levels of light and shadow. Department of Film of the dark level when the film is shaping the future, and can not increase the level. Originally exist in the shadow of a large number of details, because there is not enough exposure to develop a way to make it. .


Degrees, in fixing was always in bleaching. However exist in digital camera images in the same dark hierarchy does not fade away, still exists, you can later reproduced by regulation. The advantages of digital changed our long shape.


Into the exposure, metering, the use of curves used to determine placement. The new technology provides us with new thinking and new film exposure mode. .


On high contrast in the past, we are only able to rely on loss by highlight exposure, exposure by dark dark loss in light of the approach. If the highlighted line section, had to be at a loss. Because digital imaging information retention characteristics and back.


The production of abundant means, for high contrast images can improve the placement, use of curve line segment close to the shoulder area, according to expose for the bright light to retain more of the level of the Ministry, while the dark in the latter part of the Department to adjust the level of representation, which . .


Solves most of the issues of high contrast. Why do you want to light exposure rather dark? if it is exposed, in accordance with dark fall on the curve at the highlight light outside of the tolerance will become a pale, read all RGB data.


Is 255, CMYK are all 0. Digital post on all full white area powerless to 0, while the shadow does not appear, but the level does exist, there are amazing reproduction capabilities. .


According to the exposure in the gray value, only to guarantee the actual digital camera's normal tolerance (Figure 3-46). According to highlight exposure, that is, people often say "exposure" to the right, coupled with the late adjustments, can be greatly extended.


Tolerance effect, so that tolerance can be extended from about 10 to 14 to 15 (Figure 3-47). Digital's tolerance in the end how much of a problem is, manufacturers do not provide the means of digital tolerance. .


Label. Calculation of tolerance, only through the actual filming, experiment. Foreign experts estimate a tolerance level for 11. .2, I agree with the calculation of foreign experts. According to my shooting results should not be less than 10 levels, Basic.


Close to the 11,12 level, and the result was consistent foreign experts. If the latter adjusted by the Department to refer to bright and dark, the actual degree of tolerance obtained at least up to 12 ~ 13. If adopted by the Department of bright light exposure more record high. .


In the later levels, combined with the dark palette, you can improve tolerance to the 14-15. This is after many experiments, it is surprising and exciting. Hearing people say digital tolerance is less than the film, but the experiment.


The results show that tolerance is greater than the digital film. Of course the premise is excellent pre-filming and post-production in place. Let's look at the photographs. 6, control of white balance. .


Best color temperature settings – why using color is the color optimization panacea?.


White balance setting is the color temperature settings. The concept of a traditional photographic color temperature of the basics, this section is not prepared to explain the color temperature too much, only in respect of digital white balance with a short discussion of the relevant part of the concept. Although the same principle, but the application of digital technology on the color temperature and control techniques are not completely copy the film, set, change the color temperature of the operation had great difference. .


Since the Kelvin color temperature by mathematical explanation, color quantization, from film manufacturing, light, color filter correction, until all the photographic darkroom restore process to hold the color temperature, and ultimately achieving accurate expression of intent.


In traditional photography in They said more than a daylight type, light type film. Most used color temperature color filter is 80 and Raiden Raiden 85 series, on the lighting and daylight film converting the color temperature through color filters. Tips. .


One is to use daylight film sunset without filters make it more red or use light-film night, without falling color temperature filters, which make the picture more blue, pour through micro-computing in a variety of color filter control color temperature. However.


Huge amount of valuable and more lenses to buy and carry out not easy, therefore, unless special needs, general photographers will not buy a full set of color filter to control the color temperature color temperature. That is, traditional photography. .


Color problem and not from the application and practical level. Of course, control color temperature in addition to the filter, you also need the color table.


As the name suggests, "color temperature" and the temperature. Yes, Kevin is a piece of black iron in the fire heated to 800 ° when the iron began to issue dark red. As the temperature rises, the color of iron from red to white began, the temperature. .


The higher the rushes of light blue spectrum for red line spectrum. On this familiar process need not repeat them here. However, this process is many people mistakenly believe that the relationship between temperature and color temperature is that temperature.


Is the color temperature, and misunderstood the concept of color temperature of real change in the object spectral components, spectra itself is not temperature, the blue color temperature higher than the red light because blue light in the light of the high ratio, and red otherwise. .


A high color temperature of the furnace of molten steel, or a blue fluorescent? many people say that molten steel. Wrong temperature as a color temperature. If you are in front of a blue filter to see the color temperature of molten steel, steel at elevated.


Of 2200K, the temperature of molten steel furnace that has not increased, but to our vision of increasing the proportion of blue light. Word, the color temperature is the test of red light - blue light, the ratio of a ruler, Blu-ray over the color temperature. .


High, the red light is the color temperature is low, and temperature-independent.


7, preferred color space. .


Color space maximization — why optimizing color space is the professional's choice?.


Most photographers that in Photoshop in, Adobe RGB was the best, is the choice for professionals, while the smaller sRGB color gamut, although not suitable for professional print quality images are very suitable for beginners and network applications. Adobe RGB is a professional photographer is really the best choice? Read the following analysis, you might get different answers. .


Photographic color management authority book real world color management, authors Bruce bairnsfather · said the "Kodak ProPhoto RGB developed for professional users — and, of course, the space is also the maximum".


Start talking about the familiar color space. Digital cameras have a very key settings - color matrix settings, also known as color gamut settings, color space setting. The setting relates to how the digital original image color space acquisition applications. .


Defining, thus determining the size of the color information, its importance was obvious, however the color space of sight, touch, hindering our understanding and employing those broader space. This section is devoted to the comparison of the color space.


Professional, quasi-professional digital camera color space setting Adobe RGB and sRGB are both. Digital camera's own color space, then what is it? We came to know them one by one. .


Color gamut (Colorspace) also known as the color space, which indicates that a color image in color model of the shape and size. We often used RGB, CMYK, and Lab color modes, color, etc..


Model is not a color space, color patterns can be related to a variety of color space. A color mode corresponds to a different color space, RGB mode for example and Adobe RGB, Apple. .


ProPhoto RGB, sRGB and RGB and other color spaces, most of these color spaces and monitors, digital cameras, scanners, and output settings. Adobe。.


SRGB RGB format and is most common, is only available in digital cameras color settings of two. .


Apple 's.


Color display has been the leading sector in the image. Apple Colorsync is an operating system-level color management system (CMS), in tracking and change colors, very good performance, but this is not good. .


Can be applied to the PC. Microsoft is aware of this gap, in 1997, and Hewlett-Packard, EPSON, and large companies the joint development of 32-bit color language agreement.


(Standard.. Red.. Green.. Blue), called sRGB or standard RGB ("S" can be interpreted as "standard" [Standard]). the definition of the standard sRGB. .


Methods that enable an external device and application software to be able to speak the language of a "standard", monitors, scanners, printers and digital cameras and other digital equipment in a coherent manner, and to increase their configuration abilities. SRGB has quickly become the international standard, widely used.


sRGB greatest advantage is its versatility, after all, with the vast majority of PC-users, but in fact pitched a much broader market around the user, the related digital devices (input and output), can not get rid of the PC to use. .


Card service reality and, therefore, the sRGB then becomes the lead service line. You just have to stick to the output from the camera, the whole process of sRGB, the colors are restored to reproduce without too much problem.


sRGB color gamut disadvantage of small space, and Adobe RGB, ProPhoto. .


RGB, considerable gaps. If you don't see the color space and color stereoscopic model comparison, it's hard to find. If you only shoot ordinary non-professional purposes, a photo or surfing the Internet, then use.


sRGB no problem, but if there is higher demand. .


SRGB space is clearly not enough. High-end print, printing, laser photo output, tend to be in control of Apple computer, Apple computer professional custom color space is Adobe.


RGB, if you advance the use of the sRGB, deficiencies, like 5 dollars with a minimum consumption has entered the mall to be 10 dollars, you can only be limited out, why? We used to use sRGB. .


Also printing, photo? do not know if you noticed, Adobe.


RGB photo shoot and handle the wealth level than the sRGB. In addition, MAC, gamma value is 1. .8, Which has become a fact in many image editing and display criteria, and PC-gamma value is 2. .2,. .


Contrast level difference is obvious. We always complain about certain printers, so-and-so is not his own publishing house works to restore the good, but whether we have checked your documents, from shooting to post-production output color space.


Selected on the right, and they are not the integration and matching. .


Adobe。.


Adobe RGB is the color standards introduced by the company, which has more broad than the sRGB color space, in particular, it contains sRGB missing, some of the CMYK color gamut is not (mainly green blue), but the color. .


Color saturation is low, you must be late adjustments, such adjustment is not simple, rich experience and professional knowledge, can only be a blind luck. So Adobe.


RGB is good enough, but not universal, however order to obtain high quality images, it is your only choice available, do not touch it, may never be able to access to professional level. We should boldly step in slowly. .


To get used to it, and find out it's temper and pulse, and it become good friends.


8, using the raw format shot. .


The best starting point for the image — why RAW format lets you reach?.


Digital camera RAW format is proprietary format, is truly "electronic film." RAW format is also an ultimate quality digital video format only. We look with RAW format, accompanied by two other formats - JPEG format and TIFF format. .


JPEG and TIFF formats are camera image generator of photo format, which is completed by the camera image. Photographic quality depends on the setting of early photography, ISO, the file size.


Small, contrast, color, color temperature, sharpness, etc.. JPEG is not just an industry standard format, is also commonly used Web format. Direct output of the JPEG digital camera photo quality is very high indeed, when. .


So, provided that the user must have the correct settings. JPEG is a compressed file, the total number of files are smaller, saving space, delivered quickly and easy to use, but JPEG's lossy compression for photographic quality exist..


Ring, use the JPEG format for digital cameras is difficult to achieve the highest capacity, best quality. .


TIFF and JPEG formats differ is that it is a "Lossless" compression, TIFF format picture quality than the JPEG format. But because it is a lossless compressed, compressed files with a low rate, the volume is very large, large space, transfer, use, storage is not JPEG quickly. These two file formats are shipped with early photos of various metadata parameter.


RAW format is direct access from the light-sensitive components of the original data, it is a 12-bit, 14-bit or 22 bit binary log data. RAW image file format is not, strictly speaking, but a data packet, the packet is not. .


After the camera Image Builder switching, so many of the early set on the package is not valid, the early setting that only the exposure right on the packet, the others are not "set", color, balance, reverse.


Poor, sharpening and so dedicated in the RAW format conversion software for. In other words, in addition to the exposure, everything was changed in later. For example, the use of RAW format can arbitrarily adjust the white balance later in the post. .


No matter what the color temperature setting of the picture. This is how attractive! this is equivalent to shooting of reverse picture can change the color temperature washing, accuracy to 1K. This almost impossible!..


But, RAW format is so true to reality. .


RAW format, the biggest advantage is having the largest color space (see previous section), this is ProPhoto.


RGB. RAW format photos on the camera outside as an independent data files from image generator color space limitations, can feel free to expand to the largest color space. On this point, do not look at color mode. .


-Can be deduced. Digital camera raw file gamut if not greater than Adobe RGB, it is not possible to define the real Adobe.


RGB. In fact, digital camera color space than the Adobe RGB, and the largest ProPhoto. .


Almost neck and neck "RGB", which is also the RAW format is one of the reasons for quality excellence. It's an excellent gamut performance for our ability to provide a broad color area.


RAW format, thanks to a 12-bit, 14-bit or 22 to record information (monochrome digital camera has a color depth of 22 bits). Conversion can be converted to 16-bit TIFF output, which means. .


There are at least 65536 RGB monochromatic colors record capacity relative to the 8-bit JPEG 256 is a very big advantage. A red, for example, 8-bit 256 JPEG only, and can be used.


In RAW format, monochrome up to 4096, so the level of RAW format to be much richer. Its real meaning is: if we make drastic changes in color and brightness adjustment, will find the same tune. .


Whole, use JPEG or TIFF format, the photos have been blurred, produces noise, picture quality, but also RAW format is far from "exhausted", there can be no room for it to be discovered.


Kind of potential is the nature of RAW format - the largest color space, up to record levels, and give you the most original material is not processed, so you cook the best, delicious personalized meal. .


Why is it called RAW? RAW English was born, without processing, literally can understand the meaning of RAW.


As the color space and the level of rich, RAW format is not treated, the picture looks flat and the dark, unknown to the people in the one look that digital not work. Do not give a proper example, see the cow. .


Manure, beef to eat, this is actually a misunderstanding. Many fans, and spent several years in digital camera, but never used as a RAW format that is not understood, the second is not handled, the third is the presents. In fact, used.


RAW format and converted to produce photo shoot with film entirely comparable. Let our in-depth understanding of RAW formats, RAW format and make friends, after all, who want to master each of the camera for high quality technical tips. .


Orifices.


RAW format is not only tailored for professionals, amateurs can master the RAW format is also applied technology to benefit. Into the RAW format as long as we can truly understand the process of dealing with pictures get more space for surprises, and never bored. .


Those who have been to Xinjiang Baiha village photographer saw the 90-year-old (Figure 3-101), kindly moderate, and severe cold has not prevented the vicissitudes of life, to give her white oily skin. Shooting without a change camera settings, work directly with RAW format up to crawl on the air of the elderly.


RAW format conversion, pay attention to skin color and texture of the reduction, in particular, sharpening, using the values of 85, the details of the picture is very clear, oily skin, fine texture (Figure 3-102). This sharpening. .


Value if you use JPEG, will influence how much noise, the picture quality. In RAW format conversion when having to worry about the transitional adjustments can damage the screen, you can press the Earth quickly, than using Photoshop.


Adjustment should be easy to learn, effective and efficient. Certainly, the final result is dependent on understanding and artistic skill. .


RAW format shooting object hierarchy of highlights and dark one record. Especially high contrast theme, it can be said that the only RAW format before they can do. Let's look at a group of extremely high-contrast shooting instance.


The middle of a prompt, raw format pictures, converting NOTE: to change in raw format, do not leave to the photoshop and going, because any action will photoshop photos have different degrees of damage. As the raw format with 36-bit color depth, extremely bright in the screen area, details are still able to tell. .


Nikon Lens Horn Raiders individually picked.


Nikon lens Nikon Optical old factory in Japan, in Japanese photography companies play a vital role in its range of products in the world, as friends of the inconvenience of many film choices. Nikon film era classic from a large F, FM2, F4 to the Canon digital SLR single block three generations of products, D100, the D80 is now the latest has come out. Nikon has always been symbolic of the card I gave birth to numerous outstanding lens products, and I here the current Nikon products in the market a little comment, hope to buy netizens have some help. .


Nikon from 1933 to begin production of nickel (NIKKOR) of the lens and to date, the production and sale of more than 3500 million nickel lens. The lens has been plugged to high definition and contrast, especially unique is the stable quality, never happens busts in numerous tests and assessments are always among the best, and by the majority of professional photographers.


Photographers high degree of trust. For example, in 1960, Nikon first to design and produce non-spherical lens. In addition, Nikon also invented the ED (Extra-low Dispersion) glass, first used in 1972. .


300mm F2. .8ED kolosjoki telescope head, now you can only find on kolosjoki lens. 1997, Nikon more successful production of the world's top team for photographic use AF zoom macro lens — AF70 ~ 180mm F4. .5 ~ 5. .6D ED..


Since 1959, the Nikon F camera inception, F mount with its strong stance was inherited. So far, it's completely unique mechanical way, steadily opening up to complete the metering TTL open aperture value of the automatic correction, corresponding with the program mode, AF, etc. The implementation evolved. Nikkor lens with F mount, Nikon digital SLR cameras and the use of the Fuji F mount digital SLR cameras and Kodak digital SLR camera before can use Nikkor lenses. .


The wide-angle lens focus articles.


1. . AF DX Fisheye 10. .5 / 2. .8 G ED. .


AF DX Fisheye 10。.5/2。.8G ED。.


AF DX Fisheye 10. .5 / 2. .8 G ED Price: 5500RMB. .


Advantages: in a small field conditions can also implement large wide angle, FishEye effect into the digital age.


Disadvantages: use of single-use. .


This is a strange lens 10. .5 of a fish-eye, let the user can also fully experiencing FishEye to people with amazing special effects, Nikon in the launch of this lens when the camera has a special design can take pictures to make the correction received tablets have a certain effect. After all, is a fish-eye product, when in use, there are many restrictions.


2. . AF 14mm f / 2. .8 D ED. .


AF 14mm f/2。.8D ED。.


AF 14mm f / 2. .8 D ED Price: 9900RMB. .


Advantages: easy to use large wide angle lens, film camera a..


Cons: digital, the lens power can not give full play to the price higher. .


The structure from the lens, rather perfect, ED lenses, 2 slices of compound aspherical, differential correction is good, unique multi-layer coating eliminates ghosting and flare that fully meet the scenery and architecture photography. The wide angle on the film, the effect of digital will have restrictions. Absolute luxury for the price.


3. . AF Fisheye 16mm f / 2. .8 D. .


AF FishEye 16mm f/2. .8D.


AF Fisheye 16mm f / 2. .8 D Price: 5240RMB. .


Advantages: very high performance price ratio, rare sharp.


Disadvantages: the old lens in the dispersion models have some defects. .


The most brilliant in Nikon, lens strong absolute is Nikon's acclaimed. This AF FishEye 16mm.


f / 2. .8 D is one of them Titans, this has a wide angle in the evaluation of a high score, exquisite and delicate, metallic layers feel quite good. Nikon lenses do not use anti-proud dispersion ED lens. .


So there are some defects on the dispersion, digital more obvious.


4. . AF 18mm f / 2. .8 D. .


AF 18mm f/2。.8D。.


AF 18mm f / 2. .8 D Price: 8100RMB. .


Advantages: at the same time has a large aperture wide angle lens.


Disadvantages: high price. .


Lens with aspherical, from infinity to the closest focusing distance.


The images are clear, regardless. .


Landscape, architecture and Interior photography, tele, also has a large 2. .8 aperture, believe that this is every Nikon users want to have a Nikon camera. This lens manufacturing costs can be imagined, this small.


Coincidentally fixed focal lens actually uses 14 lenses. Appearance of the marks using a Nikon professional camera products layer, from the details of the embodiment of noble descent. Price is the only reason to stop people, after all, for a set. .


Lens 8100RMB price is too high.


5. . AF 20mm f / 2. .8 D. .


AF 20mm f/2。.8D。.


AF 20mm f / 2. .8 D Price: 3880RMB. .


Advantages: 20 mm high ratio zoom lens.


Disadvantages: None. .


This lens in jiaoduan 20mm.


And a difference of only 2 millimeters 18mm gap between the 5000 price on the ocean (exploring the reasons, I believe that the difficulty of making the camera lens on the 18mm to be more difficult, another problem is the production), so many would like to pursue the ultimate wide. .


Point users tend to choose AF 20mm f/2. .8D. This lens features obvious fact: 1. Unique short distance correction, close-up photography has excellent performance; 2. the description.


Multilayer coating, ghosting and flare are suppressed good color reproduction, sharp clear images; 3. . In the interior, landscape and architectural photography, reflecting a strong sense of distance, wide trade surplus. .


6。.AF 24mm f/2。.8D。.


AF 24mm f / 2. .8 D. .


AF 24mm f/2。.8D Price: 2550RMB.


Advantages: Light compact human lens is also not lost in the digital wide-angle. .


Weaknesses: none.


In the focal lengths on the Canon has a strong 24. .


F1. .4L whether use of the performance or imaging, are other brands of incomparable (including price). Nikon in this seemed inherent jiaoduan, only this one shot of difficulties, the design of the lens.


And other wide-angle products Nikon line style, but more emphasis on the large wide-angle compact design ideas. Focal lengths at the same time, the use of the Nikon digital camera will become a 36mm, will become the standard for the digital version of humanities. .


Lens.


Nikon telephoto lens of the articles one by one pick. .


Nikon lens case-by-pick of the telephoto articles 1. .AF 85mm f/1. .4D.


AF 85mm f / 1. .4 D. .


AF 85mm f/1. .4D price: 7400RMB.


Advantages: Large aperture portrait lens quality, unparalleled sharpness, Nikon's top portrait products. .


Disadvantages: can be designed in, there are purple on the digital side of the phenomenon.


I remember a few years ago the famous hummingbird users to listen to the Internet had this lens blue painted a "god" of the weapon, the Zhe Zhi true classic Nikon portrait lens unparalleled sharpness, great accuracy of the details of the performance for any person to see all remember. Lens Nikon lens work is superb product, with the blue listen to the words:. .


Nikkor AF 85mm f1. .4D's feel is the best I have contact lenses for AF, including work, MF, metal lens hood, as well as the texture of the large diameter lens 77mm satisfaction. It is this extraordinary charm all Nikon user crazy, 7400RMB price relative to the Canon highs 85 cannot afford nor 1. .2 acceptable. The use of the digital camera at the edge of the purple edges slightly noticeable phenomena, this may be a design idea of how much earlier, "explains," there is one thing.


2. . AF 85mm f / 1. .8 D. .


AF 85mm f/1。.8D。.


AF 85mm f / 1. .8 D Price: 2980RMB. .


Advantages: high performance-cost ratio, simple structure.


Cons: manual focus feel bad bokeh feel more rigid. .


AF 85mm。.


f / 1. .8 D has been retained products Nikon lens with RF (post-focus) mode, the focusing distance of a good income differential inhibition, high contrast images portray the principal characters to great accuracy level, AF co-coke. .


Speed. Do not rotate the front focusing, facilitate the use of circular deviation, metal lens hood increased refraction of grades, and allow the user to have full satisfaction. The lens performance price ratio is very high, less than 85 1. half price .4.


AF DC 105mm f/2D. .


AF DC 105mm f/2D。.


AF DC 105mm f/2D Price: 6790RMB. .


Advantages: the special structure of the telephoto lens, soften background portrait of great.


Disadvantages: can recruit the most times in the film like MM lens, under the impact of the digital bit powerless. .


The lens uses the DC link, you can change the before and after the degree of blur, blur circular aperture, lively and elegant in the film has a very prominent role, and the "Cousin" AF DC 135mm.


f/2D with minor compared to just a short focal length, from the general situation, into the digital era that soften the effect of image processing software is very easy to implement, the lens is a little application of discounts. I have enthusiasm for chasing too. .


This lens, Nikon's digital SLR, the focal length of about 150mm photographing portrait can also be accepted, if the price of the second-hand appropriate buy a shot time on MM just portrait style.


Is good, maybe there pick up. .


4。.AF DC 135mm f/2D。.


AF DC 135mm f/2D. .


AF DC 135mm f/2D price: 7700RMB.


Advantages: brilliant portrait lens to achieve short-F2 aperture, high-quality center sharpness, smooth background. .


Disadvantages: Digital is no longer practical.


AF DC 135mm f/2D from the date of birth is Nikon's portrait letter soften the king's portrait in the photo shoot. .


There are inherent advantages. But the film gradually disappeared changed everything, still has strong 135mm large aperture lens, digital catalytic, gradually lose their advantages. Small field for end-of-focus would have been appropriate.


Into a 200mm-long monster, photoshop popularity and application, to soften the portraits become no longer mysterious. No one can deny that it is the best telephoto lenses Nikon is one of the only digital SLR. .


Now let it temporarily can not find the direction. Don't know Nikon engineers will put the whole picture to our side, reproduce the DC more telephoto.


Traditional lenses. .

1. Nikon AF 28-100mm f/3.5. .6G .5-.






Price: 850RMB. .

Advantages: low price, has some telephoto.


Disadvantages: the typical "dog's head." .


This 28-100 was born in the beginning is combined with Nikon's low-end cameras, and overall performance can only be said to be quite satisfactory, 28-100 jiaoduan kind of strange.

2. . Nikon AF 28-80mm f / 3. .3-5. .6 G. .






Price: 820RMB.

Advantages: simple, practical, lightweight (the lightest of the same size) all focal lengths 35cm closest focusing distance, high cost performance. .


The bad: slightly bad workmanship, zoom damping is too light.


The most commonly used zoom, snap, landscape photography, shot in high cost performance. Lens Construction 6 / 6 structure, a D before the first products, this lens can be seen as the second generation. From the use of point of view, and 28-100 feel the same, only slightly larger aperture short focal length, what choice Which "nugget" depends on the user's own choice. .

3. Nikon AF 28-105mm f/3.5-4. .5D IF.


Price: 2900RMB. .

Advantages: exquisite workmanship, feel good, macro shots with type-ahead.


Disadvantages: Slow focus. .


This Nikon AF 28-105mm f/3.5-4. .5D.


IF the user has been deemed offensive Canon Nikon's "handle," In fairness, and Canon's focus on the same level compared to the gap is very obvious that a considerable level of sharpness, and the price is high. But The lens also has its own advantages. .


Potential, first of all, fine, heavy lenses as well with the hand, in addition to 105mm-side implementation 1: 2 macro, which is generally adequate use of the user, with the G-shot and ultrasonic technology in Nikon family of Pu.


And, I believe this update is also the lens is not too late. .

4. Nikon AF 28-200mm f/3.5. .6D .5-.






Price: unknown. .

Advantages: the entire focal length of the scope of the paragraph is quite practical.


Cons: Slow focusing, telephoto imaging is not very satisfactory. .


Tenglong Deputy field lens manufacturers first launched "a walk in the world" concept.


And introduced a number of models zoom ratio of more than 10 times the products and get good returns. Not lag behind as the original manufacturer of natural, this lens becomes a direct product, this camera does not wear high-end travel products standard. .


S. Imaging on telephoto performance is not very satisfactory, versus black light limited, now has introduced this lens version of G-type products, so to find traces of it can only look at the secondary market.


5. . Nikon AF 28-200mm f / 3. .5-5. .6 G IF-ED. .






Price: 2900RMB.

Pros: light and compact, absolutely excellent travel camera. .


Disadvantages: and compared to previous generation product somewhat poor workmanship.


Ultra-small, lightweight G-type high-performance zoom lens weighs only 360 grams, will be portable and convenient performance to a very high level, the optical configuration is also complete 12 of 11 groups (including 3 ED lens) improve the imaging , Focus has also become more lightweight, and if you hate the red tape when changing lenses, not accompanied by a defense. .


6. Nikon 28-AF-S 70mm f/2. .8D IF-ED 。.


Price: 11200RMB. .

Advantages: near-perfect in large aperture lens, almost invisible offers a new, high-quality imaging.


Cons: so good on the digital products are becoming embarrassing. .


Nikon 28-AF-S 70mm .8D f/2. IF-ED is Nikon's top product in the section, 2. large aperture .8 bring perfect image quality.


The application of ultrasound is also sensitive and accurate. The lens is still head of design D, to a certain degree of protection of the high-end products in the Nikon lens cameras on the old application, have seen some people in online discussions, Nikon can produce. .


24-70/2. .8 such big zoom to expand the use of digital. I think Nikon have the technological capability, just launch time lag of Nikon will, as far as possible, on the one hand, Nikon introduced exclusively.


The AF-S DX 17-55/2. .8 G. .


IF-ED this DX professional lens, Nikon digital loyal users equal to have a better choice. With Nikon's constantly updated, Nikon introduced the possibility of D-lens, Nikon does not intend to.


Continue to eat left hand glorious era savings, but to those products in the market to digest is also a matter of time. Digital doubt on the trend of the whole frame, If, as rumored in the D3 use the full range of products. .


Picture of electronic photographic products, 17-55 completed a historic mission, 28-70 would be better is a weapon, the 24-70 's launch is not very meaningful, and save the development cost is not good.


It? . .

7. Nikon AF 35-70mm .8D f/2. 。.






Price: 5200RMB. .

Advantages: excellent imaging quality very big aperture condition ensures very good resolution.


Disadvantages: Focusing system behind, there will be significant in the digital restrictions, complete loss of wide angle. .


This is a standard for "film" lens, although not using any advanced lens, but the old Nikon Lens sharpness of remarkable quality, the Nikon F4 era "veteran" experienced Nikon in the years of glory. Number.


Code so that the old man can only become a popular standard portrait lens, not only so as not using Nikon's new anti-dispersion technology, there will be shooting some purple fringing the edge of the phenomenon, focusing performance is also delayed. .

Traditional telephoto lens.

1. . Nikon AF 70-300mm f/4-5. .6 G. .






Price: 900RMB.

Advantages: compact and lightweight. .


Disadvantage: the typical plastic lens.


High cost performance of the zoom ratio up to 4. .3 G-type telephoto zoom lens times, for the realization of lightweight, with three group zoom optical structure to ensure that all focal lengths of optical quality. With circular aperture, bokeh and beautiful. As the most low-end telephoto products, a large family, in the Nikon is much, the typical plastic material, suitable for beginners to use. .

2. Nikon AF 70-300mm f/4-5. .6D ED..






Price: 2550RMB. .

Advantages: excellent AF feel, whether anti-Hyun light or sharpness in the same lens is leading in..


Disadvantages: As a telephoto lens, focusing obvious disadvantages. .


70-300 lens, has always been the vendors at the telephoto end of the main products, Nikon's branch in comparison with other brands in quite satisfactory. Nikon does not behave like Canon's products use a lot of new technology. Along with the better.


Energy 70 - 300DO product born of this balance is expected to be broken, D80 Nikon also released updated 70 - 300 and increase the anti-tremor features, new models are: AF-S VR. .


Zoom-Nikkor 300mm 70-f/4.5-5. .6G IF-ED in the near future, we can see this new product.


AF-S VR Zoom-Nikkor 70-300mm f / 4. .5-5. .6 G IF-ED. .


3. Nikon AF 80-200mm .8D f/2. ED 。.


Price: 6500RMB. .

Advantages: high-performance imaging quality, equipped with large aperture telephoto.


Disadvantages: AF conversion ring design has some flaws, durability general. .


This is Nikon's renowned third-generation "little Cannon", this high-quality imaging quality in similar lenses is the best price/performance ratio. Internal lens Nikon autofocus technology, not only the rapid AF, manual feel too.


Good. Unfortunately, AF conversion ring design is not durable, in-line to this point a lot of negative news. Nevertheless, the small steel gun has great vitality, camera lens sales in the digital age did not reduce the trend. .


Potential, especially the ultra high performance-cost ratio, will let every Nikon user moves.

4. . Nikon AF-S 80-200mm f / 2. .8 D ED. .






Price: 8500RMB (passive).

Advantages: Focus rapidly in succession the "little steel guns," high-quality imaging. .


Disadvantage: the volume weight is too heavy, too big too.


The lens can be called "little steel guns," an extension, some friends called the film "fast steel gun", do The lens ultrasonic motor is installed, essentially solved the 80-200 lens on problem completely. Large size and heavy weight and expensive price, so he and the Canon "white" series of competitive disadvantage. No one denies that this is an excellent camera, if used the right price is still a good weapon. .

5. Nikon AF-S VR 70-200/2. .8G IF-ED.






Price: 12700RMB. .

Advantages: ultrasonic, shake, 2. .8 is there anything better than this?.


Disadvantages: None. .


This is a look at the most perfect lenses, Nikon has since been in telephoto and Canon on an equal footing. This 2001 Nikon's long zoom lens with Nikon products, all at home, technology, and the first time in VR.


The technology put into the Nikon shaking 2. .8 Series of high-end camera, and determined to give up the interface on the D-type interface, from this point of view this decision is successful. "Bamboo cannon," only the appearance of fine fine, and introduced fashion. .


The white version, it can be considered a sign of an effective change Nikon products. The lens uses the SWM (Silent Wave.


Motor) to control the sound generated when the zoom minimum, and speed up the zoom speed, IF (internal zoom) technology allows the lens to be more flowing focus, VR Vibration Reduction System, can reduce the shutter speed third gear, M / A mode provides automatic and manual quick change. .

6. Nikon AF VR 80-400mm f/4.5-5. .6D ED..






Price: 9800RMB. .

Benefits: a telephoto on shaking, suitable for many subjects.


Disadvantages: small aperture. .


When I saw this scene, I feel it is a Nikon family freaks, this price up to 1w lens, do not use internal focusing technique (estimate is in order to control the size of the lens) to use.


Designate a certain amount of inconvenience caused; aperture is a small drawback, the 400mm aperture is only 5. .6, Corresponding to "small steel gun" type of lens products installed 2 times Teleconverter lens focal length achieved results. .


Obviously the latter configuration is lost picture quality but wider and lower prices for some.

7. . Nikon AF-S VR 200-400/4G IF-ED. .






Price: 47200RMB advantages: ultra long zoom, guarantee perfect picture quality, realize the full aperture of F4, dustproof and waterproof design meets the requirements of professional photographers.


Disadvantages: None. .


This is a while driving motor and equipment SWM VR systems, high-end G series lenses that can be used for 135 format film SLR, can also be used in d-series DSLR. When used in the DX format.


DSLR on the lens focal length of 300-600mm into a super-long-range telephoto lens, with TC-14EII/TC-20EII Teleconverter if actually become a 900mm. .


/1200mm of cannon. The introduction of the lens is to complement the existing AF-S VR 70-200/2. .8G IF-ED, better meet the professionals use. Nikkor。.


AF-S VR 200-400/4G IF-ED launch of a super-telephoto zoom lens set up new standards. .


Aperture and shutter speed settings and skills.


When you take the time to comply with the basic rules of what it? What are the basics that you should always remember when shooting in mind it? What is the basic principle is the way to brilliant photos a must do? That is below the 12 basic rules of photography. .


⒈ Sunny 16 rule. This basic principle suitable for shooting in bright daylight, lighting the scene evenly, which uses aperture to f16, shutter speed, ISO speed index is used, for example, the aperture of the countdown, sensitivity to f16.


ISO100, shutter speed can choose 1 / 100 sec. On this basis, if at the beach shooting aperture can be reduced to f22, if the experience cloudy weather can be enlarged aperture to f11, to such. .


Push.


⒉ moon 11,8 and 5. .6 Rule. This is a unique law, it is only effective when shooting the moon: full moon when the aperture of f11, shutter speed higher than the reciprocal of sensitivity index; month when the lack of shutter speed the same, but the aperture to f8; if only left a crescent, in the same shutter speed selection f5. .6 Aperture. .


⒊ machine-rule. A handheld camera minimum security shutter speed for the lens countdown, lower shutter speeds, machine earthquakes can cause photos sharpness decreases. For example, use 50mm lens shutter speed should be higher than 1/60 seconds, if the scene illumination is insufficient, you can use Flash, tripod, or let the camera with some fixed objects to resolve them.


⒋ gray card rule. In the filming process, using 18% gray card is to obtain an exposure meter uniform and accurate picture of the best, even if you forgot it does not matter gray card, you can reach out and let it face the light, with the metering table or machine closed beta metering light meter to meter the exposure value basis, the amount can be increased one (different skin tone could lead to metering accuracy of any deviation). .


⒌ depth-of-law. On a distant subject focus, usually the depth of field in the subject is in front of the length be 2 times the length of the rear. In other words, the subject is usually after one-third the depth of field. This is all on the aperture and focal length is the same, except that the smaller the aperture, focal length, the greater the depth of field, you will be able to capture clear, the greater the length.


⒍ largest digital print rules. To calculate your digital camera in hand to the largest output of the photo print size (in image quality people can accept as a premise of the case), can be the maximum resolution your camera addition. .


To 200, will be able to figure out this digital camera print specifications (some photography articles and photography book called exhibition-photo quality), if divided by 250 is the ultimate print specifications of the machine, the result is in English.


Inch. .


⒎ exposure rules. The most classical explanation is: "according to highlight parts of the exposure, and then follow the dark print" this traditional reverse picture and digital cameras, are accurate, but use negatives — especially color negatives, it would be better to solarize a stall.


⒏ fast flash exposure rule. When you use does not automatically reduce the flash output to achieve the automatic flash fill light flash, the flash on the sensitivity can be set up to you to use 2 times the focal length sensitivity. .


⒐ the Flash work scope rule. To learn more about your Flash work scope, you need this rule. This rule is: "the distance is doubled, 4 x faster speed." For example, if the speed is.


ISO100, the maximum effective distance of the flash is 6 meters, then the replacement of ISO400 film or digital cameras when the sensitivity up to ISO400, Flash maximum effective distance of 12 meters. .


⒑ million pixel multiplier. In order for the doubling of the digital camera resolution, you must add the digital camera effective pixels number multiplied by 4 to do this (not twice!), which is why? if you want to add a reference to the resolution.


Twice, the effective pixel image sensor must be allowed in the horizontal and vertical direction are increased by 1 fold, the image sensor is naturally the number of pixels × 2 times = 2 times 4 times it! . .


Dynamic rules of solidification ⒒. In order to record the lens axis perpendicular to the motion of objects, you need facing or back to the camera moves the desired shutter speed based on raising the level 2; when a body axis, with the camera at a 45 degree holder.


Face or back camera angle when moving the shutter speed required for the object or the back camera for shutter speed required to move its base will increase 1 level. For example, if a person running on medium speed for you, need. .


1/125 SEC will campaign, when he was at the same speed from the viewfinder transverse running outdated requires 1/500 sec shutter speed, and if he is to ramp run outdated only need 1/250 sec shutter speed.


⒓ sunset rule. In order to have access to accurate shooting sunset exposure, metering area should be placed in sun-top, but not including the sun itself, if you want the whole scene looks like a half an hour after sunset effect on this basis can reduce a file aperture or by an exposure. .


Digital camera tips for shooting speed and veteran.


In photography, the sensitivity is a very important shooting settings. Shooting different scenes often have to choose a different ISO sensitivity. .

In good light, low-speed, high-quality images can be obtained. During the filming of light is very dark, with a maximum aperture of or with the slowest speed, there is no way to effectively capture the image, such as some rays restricted news and sports competitions, you need to select high speed, it is first necessary to guarantee complete shot, sometimes the captured image of itself than to obtain high quality images even more important to be able to put the photo shoot down comes first.


Sensitivity and photos of the particles, Resolving power and resolution is inversely proportional relationship. Low sensitivity and high quality film imaging, high resolution, fine particles; high sensitivity film, particles increased, but the resolution will decrease. .

Film speed although there are many, but digital adjustable-speed regulating range is less than a digital camera. Select a digital camera in speed, extended the advantage.


Digital camera to change the way the signal to change magnification sensitivity. Digital camera's sensitivity can ISO100, 200,400,800,1600,3200 choose, some camera sensitivity can be extended to ISO50 and 6400. In addition to the multiple of the entire class can also be semi-file, or even one third of the stalls set up, As a result, digital camera's sensitivity level is very small share, from. .


50 ~ very evenly distributed between 6400, set the speed of all segments, taking photographs, you can target a variety of occasions, select one of the most appropriate sensitivity settings. Film-speed is.


ISO25, 50,64,100,125,160,200,400,800,1600, etc., area is very small, very practical, but the breakdown than digital, there are still different. For example, the film sensitivity between 400 and 800, classification is not detailed, digital ISO rating can be 400,500,640,800, two more options, this little bit of choice would be difficult to save a shot photos to be found in the content and quality of the best balance.A film is only one speed, change speed must replace film, digital photographs can be every one to replace a speed equivalent to carry nearly 20.


Different sensitivity of the film. It also can arbitrarily set the color temperature, color temperature fine to live with any degree of balance to make up for the film only sunlight, two light color temperature beyond the lack of balance, so to say, a digital camera is equivalent to a film library - This does not mean too. .


Digital camera sensitivity setting and image quality. Low speed photographs high image quality, images and smooth, without noise, high resolution. Digital video and film is similar in speed response. When using high sensitivity shooting over ISO1000, digital imaging will be able to see how much noise is acceptable, but over ISO1600, noise is visible, unless the content of the photo to the photo can be omitted an important detail, some digital cameras at ISO400 noise is already apparent. Digital noise how is it? There are several reasons: too much magnification signal is likely to produce an electronic image itself does not exist. .


Noise; long time exposure, some high-end digital cameras specially set up long exposure noise reduction features; camera temperature is high, such as Sun, filming temperatures are high, the camera's own physical temperature rise.


Will also be creating an image noise, although the low sensitivity setting, noise will be generated, set the high sensitivity noise will be greater. For these reasons, take pictures with a digital camera to a principle similar to that with the film: shot in the can under the image as far as the use of low sensitivity, in order to obtain better image quality. .


A little tip: digital camera for a long time after the exposure, image transfer operation and you may spend a long time, is shooting for how long, how long the transmission, if the exposure for an hour, you have to wait an hour and cannot be transferred.


The next one shot. Film no such trouble, the exposure to complete, and immediately taken into state. With a digital camera, the camera can only wait for transmission, and therefore long exposure night shot, digital camera battery must be full. .


Foot, man loses power, will go by the wayside.


Let us take a look at how cheap the hands of the lens through the magic of light and get clear, beautiful images. .


First, use the appropriate aperture to get high quality images.


In the photographs, the control of the lens aperture is one of the most important basic skills. Because the aperture can affect the depth of field, shutter speed, image style and image quality! However, here we mainly discuss the aperture size of the image quality. .


The general rule of thumb, use a single lens of maximum or minimum aperture can be very satisfied with the image quality when you full aperture, the light will pass through the camera lens is almost the entire area of the photographic material on Imaging. It.


Like the one the camera lens because the production process, defects arising from insufficient precision (scale error) in the final image will be exposed. So we contracted aperture, so only the center part of the lens area and not. .


Total area of the light through Imaging. The result is a lens edge not through light part of manufacturing errors did not have the opportunity to damage the imaging quality, picture quality will therefore be a certain degree of improvement. Therefore, according to this theory,.


Should be smaller aperture (the same lens, same focal length), imaging the better. Can in fact, we will run into another problem: If the narrow aperture makes the lens aperture becomes too small, then when the light through the aperture occurs. .


Diffraction phenomenon becomes very serious. But this kind of optical phenomena are also expected to reduce the image quality of the lens!.


Because the aperture diameter = light / lens focal length, so also use a smaller aperture, the shorter the lens focal length, aperture also open as small. According to this relationship, we find: When taking pictures with a smaller aperture when. .


The shorter the focal length of lens more easily because the light diffraction and lower image quality. Think about it, a focal length to 300 mm lens, even if the aperture value reduced to f32, at which point it's aperture size and a large aperture.


f3. .2 The 30mm focal length lens aperture size of the same! . .


Know those mentioned for the start of the "experience" in General, we do not have to always care about. For example, I have a 70-300mm lens. I tested it in 300mm-image quality, the result is the smallest f29 and f32 is the best stop!.


Second, the shutter speed will affect the image quality of the lens. .


First of all, I'm still in a "general rule of thumb" that is, if 1/M seconds to indicate the shutter speed, use N mm to 135 of the camera lens. So in a handheld camera for filming purposes, generally believed that need great. M.


In the N they are not to shake hands because the blurring. It was also proposed more stringent M is greater than 2N, the image resolution to enable more secure. In fact, the more "general experience," there is no direct relationship with the paper, because of. .


This article is organized around the lens, but also to distinguish between a high-grade lens and cheap shots. However, due to the experience of the "General" let a lot of people think faster shutter speed. They expect a clear image.


Time, always thought that "even if only a bit faster then, will be more clear." This may be a problem! . .


We all know, there is a weakness of SLR cameras: camera moment, reflective plate games make the entire camera vibration, causing the image blur. To solve this problem, the designer for some high-end cameras add a reflective plate.


Pre-liter features, effectively avoiding the shock caused by reflectors. But now, most camera still do not have this feature. Of course, it was: not because there is no technology, but because there is no profit! (I..


Digital SLR body spent $ 6000, not bought or not?!) this time, only our own way. Here, we mainly discussed the telephoto lens, because according to the geometry of similarity, long.


Lens will zoom camera shake, so that the fuzzy degree of increase. .


High-grade telephoto lens tends to be heavier, the second is equipped with a dedicated stand. The former is like shooting with a firearm and more stable, easier to shoot accurately, gravity buffer. And in my experience, whether it is a handheld camera or use a tripod,.


Cases are like this. Which enable us to use a tripod, the whole camera to a more stable state in, of course, also reduces the vibration amplitude. However, the cheap shot is common, the situation is completely different:. .


Mirror light instead of solid body, although long without a dedicated stand. The camera while shooting entirely rely on the fuselage and the tripod head. Just look at the most!, we can capture moments from the viewfinder was observed.


Obvious shock, and even parts of the lens can be heard as the sounds combined with lax while! At this time, imaging can not clearly speak of nature. .


But don't despair, I will now tell you that this lens has a clear picture it! is plus PL filter, ND filters, contraction of aperture, lowering the sensitivity (ISO) ... all in all, reducing as much as possible.


Low shutter speed, rather than "ordinary experience" which improved! The reason to do so, as much as possible in order to extend the exposure time. Because the reflector only up and down vibration is generated. The reflectors down before the shutter. .


It has been turned off. Visible only when the reflector lift can lead to shake. Now, we suppose that this can cause image blurred motion will continue for 1/3 seconds, if the entire exposure process continues.


, Are all less than 1 / 3 seconds, we can think that picture is totally a shock which the camera generates. That is, it's clarity by 100% of the adverse effects of camera shake. However, if the exposure time is 3. .


Seconds, the clarity of such photos will only be .11% 11. camera shake. As a result, the "good will" of the image can be overwritten by the "bad" image, photos of sharpness will clear up.


Of course, if the photographic light strong enough to "M is greater than N" or "M is greater than 2N", it is clearly the best. Only when N is bigger, the light is inadequate, such as indoors, forest or dusk, dawn photographs. .


We thought about going to decrease the shutter speed. If the aperture is f8, ISO speed is ISO200, shutter speed 1/60 seconds, then Persia how fast or slow speed improvement is meaningless. Because.


Whether or improve sensitivity to open a large aperture will significantly reduce the photo quality. In this way, we contracted aperture to f32, to reduce sensitivity to ISO100, together with PL filters, shutter speed can be reduced. .


1. .5 seconds.


Third, always beware of glare on the quality of the appearance. .


For the size of the color spot connections into a single line of glare, perhaps we are powerless. Because the glare screen there is a special bright spot. For example, the Sun or street lights. These.


There were things on the screen, if blocked can not shoot. Although high-grade lens can be greater to avoid the glare happen, but sometimes the glare so it is also very beautiful. For another the most. .


Common glare, we can use in your own way to mitigate the impact of it on the screen.


In fact, not only through the lens glare can be observed. We take our eyes can observe it: Open a book, use the left hand lifted up towards the sky to see, we will find the book's characters do not usually seem to become so. .


Clearly, it seems that there is a layer of mist covered above. This is due to glare at. Then with your right hand as many block the sky, and to finally make the move books, books on the Palm of the hand along the side. In this process, we can see.


Then a layer of "mist" more light, the word has become increasingly clear. Eye is the case, the lens as well. The lens hood to play just the palm of the role. .


However, the lens hood is often produced enough, here are three reasons: first, the scope of blocking the lens hood to take care of the zoom lens of the broader end; second, to do too much either carry or use are not convenient; third, in order to control.


Production costs. This time, the advantage of SLR cameras is manifested. We can hand, hat, notebook or even reflective panels, all not translucent and lightweight objects to block the front of the lens is very bright, but not in the picture. .


In the section. And then in the viewfinder, careful observation of the effects, in order to control and adjust the direction and angle of the shadow. Until we see things that are at the most appropriate shooting clear (transparent), and then pressed the shutter. Terry.


Especially in landscape photography like "Slow Photography", this method is very useful. .


Fourth, it is appropriate to change the camera pitch to get better results.


This fact requires us to be good at using the zoom lens to take pictures of different focal lengths, that is, there are two aspects: one is the focal lengths for zoom lenses the image quality difference. In general (especially at the..


Designed for digital cameras and lenses), use a shorter focal length camera, Imaging. Mainly manifested in the resolution, contrast, color saturation. And in the use of ordinary cheap telephoto lens, often the opposite occurs.


: The low resolution, lack of contrast, color flat, that is, the faithful often said film of "meat." So, we would rather use "foot zoom action," the best possible use of lens focal lengths to get better quality video. .


Like, don't blindly believe in now on the lens and more exaggerated "big zoom".


On the other hand, because of cheap lenses tend not to have a large aperture, if necessary virtual background (including virtual prospect), inevitably difficult. This is the Friends of the many film spare no money to install a large aperture lens, an important reason. But the reality. .


Fact that, in order to blur the background, using a large aperture is not the only solution. You know, everything is in the background is a smaller depth of field. But it is the depth of field, focal length and aperture, and camera distance from these three factors. The larger the aperture, focus.


The longer the distance, the shorter the distance photo, thus the smaller the depth of field. On the contrary, the larger depth of field. So, even if aperture size can not meet our requirements, it is only less than one-third. As long as the camera focal length and distance control is good, as you can. .


Get another satisfactory background blur effect.


In macro photography, I use 18-70mm lens, 70mm side, full aperture to f4. .5, And use the camera's minimum perturbation from 0. .38 M; while shooting portraits, I use 70-300mm lens of 150mm or more focal lengths, as long as the camera is not too far away, even if the receiving aperture f8, the background would still be able to "paste into one." .


Requirements on the one hand, on the one hand, the "short" and requested "the Minister" may be one. However, as long as good at analysis, comparison, clear the main intention, accumulation of experience, to understand the lens, beautiful photos will naturally be kind.


Play for a year the camera, skill is still very tender. 1:00 could not remember what, then first stop here. When the intended subject, originally planned to use the "upgrade" the word. Can then I thought, bought the lens, there is like. .


Quality is our image. If you cannot change the "upgrade" which? "so I'm saying." control In other words, I mean we go to rediscover their own already own mirror.


Head. Stop and to think, to sentiment, to find the best lens exists in where. And not only that, as photographers, camera is the extension of the eye. Our ultimate goal is to make the lens assimilation. .


Let the camera be our third eye, like with your own eyes use lens. Of course, this is not easy to achieve, it must be a long and arduous process. Then, we have an understanding of the lens, and learn.


Control its mettle to do it step by step start. Production of the lens has a hundred years of history. Today, both which will have only shot it loveliness. As long as we can to explore, there must be close. .


By. So let's fall in love with your own lens, just as they fell in love with photography. From a new starting point, use the new thinking, new photography.


We generally use the camera's built-in metering system is reflective of, and hand-held meters to generally incident type, both the use and control of the table are very different, long time ago , incident light meter is the style, and this table has been long in the history of professional photographers the most trusted and favorite tools, although many of these photographers use Hasselblad 500 or Sin-Na as such had to rely on Such metering system table, but even if they use today's most advanced cameras, they still believe in their hands more light meter. .

Generally speaking incident-light meter is simple than reflective, which results in very accurate general use of such a light meter, you only need to pay attention to the diffuse light meter with white light direction, the simplest is the Milky hemispheric median axis aligned in the direction of the camera lens on it, and then be read is very accurate results, it can be said that the incident-light meter photometric results equivalent to using the spot on location at the same standard gray card modes normal circumstances is not on this result what adjustment, however if you have problems with the film exposure suffer problems when appropriate to consider the changes, in particular use professional reverse picture, like Ville via this kind of exposure tolerance degree is very small, and the contrast of the film, would lose their levels, but due to his excellent detail and colour, he became one of the most commonly used film, it features white or black, in order to get the recognition they deserve for their details must be made for exposure, the offset is the offset of the film, you need to a film exposure characteristics have a good understanding of it . .

The correct measurement of the exposure.


Of incident metering. .


In..


Shot metering location from the main front of the camera light meter. This method is mainly measured the intensity of light, do not take into account the factor of the main reflector. Obviously, the only scene in the shooting range when light conditions change greatly. .


Further, it is necessary from the principal to metering. As in the near distance, the use of artificial lighting, light as the distance increases significantly weakened, therefore, must be subject to the determination of the position of the light intensity measured correctly.


When shooting outdoors in sunlight, the camera is always close to the location of metering. .


Because people fired is measuring and metering are projected on the surface of the light, the light meter of light angle must be large enough to include the 180-degree range. To do this, you can spot metering on the estuary of the table with a spherical astigmatism. This measure is to subject the average reflectivity was 17%.


For the benchmark. For high contrast objects, some correction must be made: negative exposure on the light meter should be higher than the slightly more, while the slides should be slightly less. Since this approach can not be selective side light metering. .


And dotted metering, in order to obtain good results, you'll have to make some estimate of the work, but also have some experience. If the light is difficult to measure, you usually need a different direction, so that the reflected light and incident light measured in numbers. You want to.


Is this too much difference between them, they should identify the reasons for this difference, and exposure correction accordingly. .


Reflective light.


Use. .


This way of metering, always put the light meter from the camera's position on the subject. In order to get accurate results, the light meter photometric angle and angle of the lens should be roughly the same. Metering point if well over the lens.


Perspective, the light meter should be placed closer to the place from the main body, so that meters are roughly the same field of view and lens. In the reflective metering, the metering is a list of the main body of the average reflected light, while the meter horn it all. .


Other reflective light is measured in..


As long as most of the high-light the darkest shadows most of the measured value and the key features of the average measured values are close, this way of always provide accurate metering the exposure value. If the scene has a very bright or very dark small part of the overall average measured must be corrected. Degree of calibration, as the film type used and the very bright or very dark part of the screen depending on how the importance of. .


If it is negative, with the best performance level corresponding to the shadow of selective metering, a short distance and to measure the exposure value to reduce the exposure value for level 1 (that is, the larger the aperture opening).


If using a reversal film, just the opposite. The bright part of the scene (not necessarily the brightest part of the high-light) should still show some level, and thus its exposure value should be measured, and measured the results of open large 1 / 2 13 aperture. For selective metering (spot metering), this approach was the best, because the light meter measured only the objects of the prominent part of the small area. .


One can change light angle of light meter, or a school close to the main conjecture optical tables, is easy to make selected point metering.


If we understand and grasp the principles of the two metering methods, no matter which way can get a good, consistent results. We know that there are two metering method: 1. Average metering (or called the overall metering). 2. Selective metering (or call-point metering). In between there was a fundamental difference. .


As the name implies, the average metering (total metering) determination of the overall brightness of the object; it is part of the brightest and darkest parts of the simultaneous determination of integrated, providing an average brightness value, and at the right speed u ring combination displayed. For the low contrast of an object or area of distribution of light and darkness.


Uniform pattern (such as the zebra), the use of this method of metering, can be not only reliable, but is the most appropriate outcome. If you only get a certain part of the object's absolute right exposure, such as Shaw as skin color photos. .


Accurate reproduction of the selective metering, application, and the determination of the exposure value for final determination. Other less important part, you can let it slightly overexposed or underexposed. If a bit type metering or spot accessories.


Selective Metering will be much smoother. .

The contrast of objects.


Some new meters are used widely: it can not only determination of the appropriate speed / aperture combination can also be used to determine the scope of the object contrast. This contrast must be limited to a certain extent the scope of the following, otherwise they can not accurately reproduce the subject. .


The term "contrast" can be used for various occasions, interpreted as follows:.


Image contrast: a film emulsion and accurate representation of the shadow tone range. .


Object contrast: is the lightest parts of the object's surface and differences. Also called total brightness range.


Light contrast: is the relative brightness of different light source relationship, for example, the relationship between light and auxiliary light. .


To properly estimate the contrast in the photographs, you have to learn about the contrast between the interdependence and turn this relationship and film the contrast range reference.


1. Image contrast is the contrast between objects and light contrast of the product:. .


Image contrast = contrast X light contrast objects.


2. The contrast of a film emulsion is largely determined by the scope of its use: used mainly for showing slides, its scope is far greater than the production of photo contrast with the negative. .


People's eyes to color and contrast feel extremely subjective, but also very unreliable. If you want to accurately detect contrast and get the best exposure determination, you'll have to have a high-quality handheld light meter to measure the incident light, and also determination of the reflected light.


First, determination of the contrast between objects (or called the total brightness range), it is all part of the reflection from the object color values and decisions. Therefore, the use reflective metering method to measure the number of values can be the object of local contrast. For example, the aperture of f5. .6, The measured out the brightest part of the shutter speed of 1 / 500 seconds, the darkest part of the 1 / 30 seconds, which two steps of shutter speed range that the brightness of the object. That is, the contrast between objects depends on the ratio of these two steps of shutter speed, that is. .


1.30.


--- = ---= 1:16 (the contrast between objects). .


16 500.


Determination of the light contrast is also very simple, because we can detect light from each of its incident light intensity. For example, in the same aperture, where the main light measured shutter speed of 1 / 100 second, auxiliary light 1 / 30 seconds), then. . .


1.30.


Light contrast is: --- = --- (1:3). .


3.100.


In this way, we can get these in the contrast between the values calculated on the basis of image contrast:. .


Object contrast X ray contrast = image contrast.


111. .


—— X —— = —— = 1:50。.


16348. .


Counterfeit investing photographer must be less than 1: 32 image contrast can make color negative film with good reproducibility, he only light contrast: from 1 to 3: 1 2, the image contrast from 1: 50 to 1: 32. This means that the object contrast of light, even less so. In this way, you can get a piece of image contrast of the 1: 32 negative, use it to print photos, demonstrated the perfect tonal range.


According to the determination of the value of high light and shadow contrast value of the object identified, the next step you can figure out the appropriate exposed. We can initially selected f5. .6 Aperture used as a shooting, then 1 / 500 second and 1 / 30 sec speed, that is 1 / 125 second, as the rate of correct exposure, you can also use any other appropriate combination of speed and aperture instead of a / 125 seconds and f5. .6. .


Apply to reverse picture light contrast 1: 3, in this context, the object contrast of light and dark tones and colors can be real again. In other words, as long as the brightest lights and darkest light the factor 3 will not be too big by lighting contrast and have no exposure problems. Negatives may accept lighting contrast up to 1: 6. But these two types of film image contrast must be compressed to 1: 32, transparent film or negatives to end as the original, printed and copied. However, if you want to get the most optimum way, it is best to use 1: 16 that low image contrast.


On the other hand, if the transparent film intended to be used only to slide show, image contrast can be achieved 1:200 this such a great contrast range of the object contrast and the contrast between the natural light to provide greater flexibility. Light contrast not only in the photography room is outdoors, have a great effect. Moderate in the latitude region, when the bright sun, light contrast to l: 5, 1:4 in the mist of time. Fog will change the nature of normal outdoor light, usually sunlight contrast to the total elimination of so light ratio down to 1:1.Overall, the photographer control light contrast means a lot, he can add some shadow to the light to reach the light balance, reflective plate can also be used to achieve the same purpose.